AMATEKA ATANGAJE Y’UMWADUKO WA KAWA MU RWANDA.

Amateka avuga uko igihingwa cya kawa cyatangiye guhingwa mu Rwanda,
yanditswe n’Ikigo cy’Ubuyapani Gishinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga « Japan
International Cooperation Agency: JICA” mu nyandiko yacyo « The socio
economic impact of Rwandan indigenous coffee variety (Bourbon Mibirizi)”
yakozwe n’umushakashatsi Maurice Mugabowagahunde mu wa 2016.

Iyo nyandiko ivuga ko abamisiyoneri ari bo badukanye kawa mu Rwanda,
bayihinga i Mibirizi mu wa 1904. Kawa bayihinze mu Rwanda bayikuye muri
Tanzaniya, aho yari yaragejejwe n’abamisiyoneri ngo bayikomoye muri
Guatemala. Iyo kawa y’i Mibirizi ni yo yaje gusakara mu Rwanda no mu
Burundi.

Kawa igera i Mibirizi hari Abapadiri Bera barimo Sumbiri, Emile Verfurt,
Nicolas Cunrath, na Eugène Desbrosses. Abasheshe akanguhe bo muri ako
karere bavuga ko by’umwihariko Sumbiri ari we wazanye kawa, bakibuka ko
ngo yafumbiraga ingemwe akaziha abasore n’abatware ngo bajye kuzitera,
ndetse akabasobanurira ko zizabagirira umumaro.

Nubwo Sumbiri ndetse n’abandi bamisiyoneri b’i Mibirizi bashishikarizaga
abanyakinyaga muri rusange n’abayoboke babo by’umwihariko guhinga
kawa, bakabigisha uko isasirwa n’uko isarurwa, babimye amatwi. Abenshibayihinze guhera mu w’1933 igihe abategetsi b’Ababirigi babigiraga itegeko, ariko n’ubundi Abanyarwanda bari batarumva neza akamaro kayo.

Abaturage batangiye kubona ibyiza bya kawa nyuma ya 1950 kuko ari yo yatumaga
babona amafaranga, bakikenura. Kawa y’i Mibirizi yari iyo mu bwoko bwa
Arabica ngo yagurishijwe hanze y’u Rwanda bwa mbere mu wa 1917 ariko nyuma haje kuza n’ubundi bwoko bwa Robusta, none ubu kawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu byinjiriza u Rwanda amadovize
menshi. Inyubako ya misiyoni ya Mibirizi yubatswe n’abazungu ntigihari, yarashenywe
hubakwa inshya ihari muri iki gihe..

Hafi yayo (mu murima wa paruwasi) ni
ho hatewe kawa bwa mbere. Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga uwo murage,
paruwasi yateye igipimo cya kawa muri uwo murima, ndetse bigaragara ko
zimazemo igihe kirekire n’ubwo atari zo zahatewe mu wa 1903.

Ahari ibimenyetso by’ayo mateka ya Mibirizi, ubu ni mu Mudugudu wa Mibirizi,
Akagari ka Karemereye, Umurenge wa Gashonga, Akarere ka Rusizi.

About The Author

Mussa KaKa

My name is Byiringiro Moise, a graduate of the University of Rwanda in the Department of History and Heritage. I have practical experience in heritage preservation and museum education, having completed an internship at the Huye Ethnographic Museum where I worked on ethnographic collection management and visitor engagement. I have also served as a teacher, delivering holistic lessons that empower youth and strengthen community values. My academic and professional journey reflects a deep commitment to cultural identity, reconciliation, and civic education.

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