Kumunsi wejo Banki nkuru y’igihugu BNR yatangaje ko yazamuye urwunguko rwayo (interest rate) ho 1% ruva kuri 7.25% rugera ku 8.25% ibi byakozwe mu rwego rwo kugabanya umuvuduko w’izamuka ry’ibiciro ku masoko (inflation) ukomeje kwiyongera Izi ngamba zifashwe nyuma yuko bigaragaye ko ibiciro byazamutse bigera kukigero cya 13% bivuye ku 9.2% cyariho mukwezi gushize
Abahanga mu by’ubukungu ndetse n’abaminuje mu masomo y’ubukungu muri kaminuza zitandukanye badusobanurira byinshi kucyo izi ngamba zizafasha ndetse n’uruhare zishobora kugira mukugabanya izamuka ry’ibiciro ku masoko ndetse n’ingaruka bishobora kugira ku bukungu bw’igihugu muri rusange. Banadusobanuriye byinshi kuzindi ngamba zishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo hirindwe kuba ibiciro byakomeza kuzamuka cyane
Ese kuzamura urwunguko biraza gufasha iki kubukungu bw’igihugu??
Ubundi iyi ni imwe mu ngamba nyinshi zifatwa kugira ngo hagabanywe izamuka ry’ibiciro, aho iyo urwunguko ruzamuwe bituma umubare w’abaguza ugabanuka kuko babona ko bazungukira ama banki amafaranga menshi bikabaca intege mukuba bakwaka inguzanyo, aha rero abaturage ntibaba bakiri gukoresha amafaranga menshi kuko baba babona ko amafaranga yabaye make aha BNR iba yabikoze kugira ngo ingano y’amafaranga (Money supply) itaba nini kurusha ibicuruzwa biri kwisoko
Ese izi nizo ngamba zonyine zishoboka ngo ibiciro kumasoko bireke gukomeza kwiyongera?
Oya, hari ingamba nyinshi zishobora gufatwa nkaho banki nkuru y’igihugu ishobora gushyira ku isoko impapuro mpeshamwenda z’igihe gito cyangwa izigihe kirekire (treasury bills or bonds) aha banki ibikora kugira ngo abaturage baze bagure izo mpapuro mpeshamwenda bigabanye ingano y’amafaranga ari mu baturage (amount of money in circulation)
Ese inguzanyo zizahenda kurusha mbere?
Yego, kuko niba mbere urwunguko rwari ruri kuri 7.25% byoroherezaga abantu kuguza kuko babonaga ko inyungu bungukira amabanki bafite ubushobozi bwo kuzishyura. muri iki gihe rero abaturage bakaga inguzanyo barahita batangira kugabanuka kuko inyungu yabaye nini cyane. gusa ntibivuze ko abantu bose bazareka kuguza ahubwo bazagabanuka kuko hari nk’umuntu uba ukeneye amafaranga kuri rwa rwego atita kungano y’inyungu azakwa
Ese abaturage bazabasha kubona amafaranga yo kwishyura inguzanyo neza?
Yego, bazayabona kubera ko iyo wagujije ugasinyana amasezerano na banki urwunguko wafatiyeho ideni nirwo ukomeza kwishyuriraho ntabwo bibaho ko wasabwa kujya wishyura inyungu ugendeye kuri uru rwunguko rwatangajwe ejo (8.25%), keretse iyo mu masezerano wagiranye na Banki bikubiyemo, ikindi kandi hano ntibivuze ko ishoramari ritaza gukomeza. rero aho gukura ubwishyu ntihari buze kubura kubera ko BNR yazamuye Urwunguko
Ese abaturage badafite ubushobozi ntibaba birengagijwe?
Kuruhande rumwe baba birengagijwe ariko si burundu kuko hari izindi gahunda za Leta baba bisangamo kandi zitagirwaho ingaruka nini n’iyi myanzuro nk’urugero VUP ndetse nizindi nguzanyo zitangwa na banki yamajyambere (BRD) nk’inguzanyo zigenerwa abagore zungukirwa amafaranga make
Nonese bizatuma ibiciro koko bigabanuka cyangwa bizakomeza kwiyongera?
Ubu buryo bushobora gufasha mukugabanya izamuka ry’ibiciro gusa ntabwo bihagije haba hakenewe no gufatwa izindi ngamba nkiyitwa open market operation yo gushyira kwisoko impapuro mpeshamwenda aho iyo izi mpapuro zifite agaciro kanini bikururira abashoramari kuzigura kugira ngo zizababyarire inyungu mugihe cyizaza.
Indi ngamba ishobora gufatwa ni iyitwa Legal reserve requirement, aha BNR itegeka amabanki kugira amafaranga zitagomba kujya munsi kuba zifite nkurugero niba BNR yategetse ko buri banki igomba kuba ifite miliyoni ijana mububiko bwayo atari munguzanyo ubwo banki zose zikaba zigomba kubyubahiriza. iki gihe banki itanga inguzanyo inacungana n’uko aya mafaranga atayajya munsi kuko riba ari itegeko ryavuye muri banki nkuru y’Igihugu
Kukirebana rero no kuba ibiciro biraza kugabanuka nibyo byitezwe gusa haba hari amahirwe make yuko byagabanuka cyakora ntibikomeza kuzamuka kumuvuduko uri hejuru nkuko byahoze bimeze mbere yuko izi ngamba zishyirwaho
Abacuruzi bato nabaciriirutse bakizamika bazakomeza gushora cyangwa bazahagarika imishinga?
Yego, bazakomeza gushora kuko hari uburyo bwinshi leta iba yarashyiriyeho abashoramari bato nabaciriritse; nkinguzanyo zigenerwa urubyiruko ndetse nabagore nizindi zitandukanye zitangwa kurwunguko ruto
Uyu mwanzuro uzagabanya izamuka ryibiciro cyangwa uzongera ibibazo by’ubukungu?
Yego, uyu mwanzuro uba witezweho kugabanya izamuka ry’ibiciro kandi koko ni nako bigenda. gusa ikibazo kigorana cyane nuko izamuka ryibiciro riri murwanda rishingiye kubintu bigurwa hanze y’igihugu (imported inflation) aho usanga inganda nyinshi zimbere mugihugu zifashisha ibikoresho ziguze hanze zihenzwe nazo bigatuma zigurisha kugiciro kiri hejuru
Gusa nkumuturage usanzwe ntibiba byoroshye ko wahita ubibona koko ko ibiciro byagabanutse gusa hari impinduka ziba zabaye kuko nkubu hatafashwe ingamba nkizi nabura ngo ibiciro birekere kwiyongera dushobora kwisanga byageze kukigero kubigenzura bitapfa korohera leta
Ese bigenda bite kugira bafate umwanzuro wokongera urwunguko muma banki?
Kugirango hafatwe umwanzuro hari komite iba ibifite munshingano (Monetary policy committe) iba irimo guverineri mukuru wa banki nkuru y’igihugu iraterana bakiga kumaraporo yibiciro kumasoko atandukanye mugihugu iyo babonye ibiciro biri kuzamuka baba bashobora gufata umwanzuro wo kuzamura urwunguko cyangwa byaba biri kumanuka nabo bakamanura Urwunguko
Ese Ibi ntibishobora kugira ingaruka kuri ingengo y’imari (budget) yigihugu ?
Ibi ntacyo bihindura cyane ku ingengo y’imari yigihugu kuko nubusanzwe bitewe nuko ubukungu bw’igihugu bumeze bajya bavugurura ingengo y’imari y’igihugu. kuko ibi ntabwo byahita bisubika imishinga igihugu kiba gifite gukoraho nubwo hari ibihindukamo kuko amafaranga bari barapanze gukoresha ahita yiyongera
Byagenda gute baramutse bazamuye urwunguko kuriya ariko abantu nubundi bagakomeza kwaka Amafaranga Ari benshi muri banki?
nkuko twabivuze haruguru hafatwa ingamba nyinshi nkiyitwa Legal reserve requirement aho BNR itegeka amabanki kugira ingano runaka yamafaranga ziba zifite kashi, kugurisha impapuro mpeshamwenda (treasury bills, bonds), ndetse Leta iba ishobora no gukuriraho imisoro abatumiza ibicuruzwa mumahanga kugirango bigere mugihugu bihendutse ibi bifasha mukwirinda izamuka ry’ibiciro ryatewe nuko hari ibicuruzwa byavuye mumahanga bihenze (Imported inflation)
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